Parkland Formula Calculator (Burns Fluid Resuscitation)
The Parkland (Baxter) formula estimates the crystalloid (Lactated Ringer’s) volume for the first 24 hours of burn resuscitation: 4 mL × body weight in kg × percentage of total body surface area burned. Half is given in the first 8 hours from the time of the burn and half over the next 16 hours.
Quick answer
The Parkland (Baxter) formula estimates the first-24-hour crystalloid volume for burn resuscitation as 4 mL × body weight in kg × percentage of total body surface area burned. Half of that volume is given in the first 8 hours from the time of the burn, and the remaining half over the next 16 hours.
Parkland inputs
Count partial-thickness (second-degree) and deeper burns toward %TBSA; superficial (first-degree) burns are not included.
How to use the Parkland calculator
- 1Enter weight and %TBSA. Enter the patient’s weight in kilograms and the percentage of total body surface area burned (counting partial-thickness and deeper burns).
- 2Read the 24-hour volume. The tool applies 4 mL × weight × %TBSA to give the total Lactated Ringer’s for the first 24 hours.
- 3See the split and rate. The tool shows the first-8-hour volume (half the total), the next-16-hour volume, and an indicative starting hourly rate for the first 8 hours — all timed from the moment of the burn, and titrated to urine output by a clinician.
Medical disclaimer: This is general health information, not medical advice. It does not diagnose or treat any condition, and the results are estimates based on public reference formulas. Always consult a qualified doctor about your individual health. If you think you may have a medical emergency, contact your local emergency services immediately.
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Book a consultationFrequently asked questions
What is the Parkland formula?⌄
It estimates the crystalloid (Lactated Ringer’s) needed in the first 24 hours after a significant burn: 4 mL × body weight in kg × percentage of body surface area burned, with half given in the first 8 hours and half over the next 16 hours.
When does the 8-hour clock start?⌄
The first half of the fluid should be delivered within 8 hours of the burn injury itself — not from the time the patient arrives. If presentation is delayed, the remaining first-8-hour volume is given over the time that is left.
Is the Parkland volume a fixed prescription?⌄
No. It is a starting estimate only. Actual fluid is titrated to clinical endpoints, chiefly urine output (commonly about 0.5 mL/kg/hr in adults), and over-resuscitation is avoided. A burns or critical-care team manages this.
Is my data stored?⌄
No. The calculator runs entirely in your browser; nothing you enter is sent to a server.
Sources & validation
This calculator reproduces the published Parkland score, validated for estimated first-24-hour crystalloid volume in acute burn resuscitation.
- Baxter CR, Shires GT. Physiological response to crystalloid resuscitation of severe burns (Ann N Y Acad Sci 1968;150:874-894) — the Parkland (Baxter) formula: 4 mL/kg/%TBSA — verified 2026-06-18
- Parkland formula overview, StatPearls (NCBI Bookshelf) — half in the first 8 hours, half over the next 16; %TBSA counts partial-thickness and deeper burns — verified 2026-06-18
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